Avatar, By James Cameron Essay - 1358 Words

Belinda Duhl THEA 1023, Fall Semester 2016 Due: Saturday, December 10, 2016 Avatar Avatar, a 2009 American epic science fiction film was directed, written, co-produced, and co-edited by James Cameron. The film’s main stars are Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, Giovanni Ribisi, Michelle Rodriquez, and Sigourney Weaver. The story formula or plot is the specific actions and events that filmmakers select, and the order in which they arrange those events and actions to effectively convey on-screen the movie’s narrative to a viewer. Avatar takes place in a futuristic mid-22nd century, a paraplegic marine, Jake Sully (Worthington), reports for duty, a mission meant for his now deceased brother, on the lush habitable moon in the Alpha Centauri star system, named Pandora. A greedy corporate figurehead Parker Selfridge (Ribisi) has figured out that Pandora is home to a minable ore, unobtanium an expensive superconductor. Selfridge’s intentions are to drive the native humanoid tribe called the Na vi out of their homes in order to mine the precious material scattered throughout their rich woodland. Jake gathers information for Colonel Quaritch (Lang), the cooperating military unit, and Selfridge in exchange for a surgery to help him walk again. Jake does this by attempting to infiltrate the nati ve tribe people with the use of an experimental avatar identity, a device that makes him sound and look like one of their own. While Jake begins to bond with the native tribe, heShow MoreRelatedAvatar, By James Cameron1765 Words   |  8 PagesAvatar is one of those profound movies with a deep meaning that strikes different emotions of the audience, which they might have not known they had. It hit most of the questionable topics that are mostly unspeakable now. Avatar is a spectacular movie written and directed by James Cameron. The movie is set in a breathtaking alien world called Pandora, which is inhabited by the Na’vi race. At first, they are viewed as a primitive wild, race but in reality they are more highly evolved than the audienceRead MoreAvatar, By James Cameron1710 Words   |  7 PagesJames Cameron’s film, AVATAR, is set under an imperialistic narrative of invasion for commercial gain, complete with the side story of â€Å"ethnographic exploration† in the name of science, on the planet of Pandora. The year is 2154, but the story is an old and familiar one - the Western colonization of non-Western peoples and the exploitation of their natural resources, such as land, oil, gold, or labor. While it is impossible to deny the impact and visual experience of the film and its commercial achievementsRead MoreJames Cameron: Avatar Essay665 Words   |  3 PagesAvatar James Cameron, the director of Titanic, is innovative and intelligent. Cameron is a man that knows exactly what variables are necessary in creating a movie. About 12 years after the release of Titanic, Cameron creates yet another smashing, breath-taking, mind-boggling film. One that initially raised suspicion but later proved to be an extraordinary film. The name of that film is Avatar. Avatar is a sensational piece of work. It has a clean cut message about earth preservation and anti-warRead MoreAvatar V.S Pocahontas Essay681 Words   |  3 Pagescould bring peace, sooner or later, though, you always have to wake up,† (Cameron, 2009). When comparing James Cameron’s Avatar with Walt Disney’s Pocahontas, you may find several similarities in the movies; but don’t be fooled, because it is the differences of these two movies that sets them so widely apart, rather than the similarities that supposedly bring them together. Many people seem to have the opinion that Avatar is just a futuristic, visually stunning version of Walt Disney’s PocahontasRead MoreMarketing Campaign For Jay Z s Biography And A Hypothetical Creative Campaign1290 Words   |  6 Pagesintegrated marketing campaign for James Cameron leading up to the release of his new movie Avatar 2. The objective will be to implement a marketing communications plan and a brief to execute the communication mix for a successful campaign launch. The critically acclaimed Film Director, James Cameron is known for box office hits like The Terminator, Aliens, and Avatar. The campaign will leverage these movies and its stars in the hypothetic al biography to promote Avatar 2. The campaign will partnerRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The World1710 Words   |  7 Pageselectricity relies on water (O’Hare). With climate change remaining one of the biggest economic problems of 2016, it is everyone’s job as a human being to help make the Earth a better planet to live on again. Unfortunately, unlike in the movie Avatar, our galaxy does not have a habitable moon containing the cure-all mineral unobtanium to solve all our energy problems. The film takes place in 2154 and humans have depleted the Earth’s natural resources. They have entered an energy crisis, whichRead MoreThemes Of Avatar841 Words   |  4 PagesWill White People Stop Making Movies Like Avatar?†, a recurring theme she’s noticed is the theme of white guilt. In her essay, Newitz depicts the movie Avatar as nothing more than a colorful rehash of this (apparently) common white guilt scenario. This is where the main white protagonist leaves the oppressive (white) side to join the oppressed native side upon seeing the error of his ways. Some Americans, including Newitz, believe that movies akin to Avatar possess an underlying motive, which includesRead MoreAnalysis Of Avatar1353 Words   |  6 PagesJames Camerons Avatar, was a massively successful film that managed to gross mo re than two billion dollars in revenue. With its popularity and mass appeal, it also created a considerable amount of controversy within multiple different groups, targeting a variety of topics in the film, from its presentation of alien natives and a colonial corporate military, to race issues and a depiction of cigarette use. This essay attempts to explore main threads of the film, analyzing criticism, and offeringRead MoreThe History of Film, and the Film Industry Today Essay783 Words   |  4 Pagesdirector, who has benefitted from this statistic, is Mr. James Cameron. Cameron was born in Ontario, Canada in 1954. Like Hitchcock, Cameron revolutionized the industry, setting a new bar for films. Beginning in 1984, when he released his hit â€Å"Terminator.† Later on, Cameron would release hits such as â€Å"Titanic†, â€Å"Terminator 2†, and the film that changed history, â€Å"Avatar.† â€Å"Avatar† in itself was nothing short of a true masterpiece. In 1994 when Cameron wrote the script, he decided that the technology wasRead MoreFilm Review : Avatar 1461 Words   |  6 Pages In 2009 critically acclaimed director James Cameron released the film Avatar. The film would go on to be a massive success. It released with new, groundbreaking technology, was nominated for nine academy awards and won three. It is still the highest grossing movie of all time and currently has four sequels in the make. Central to the movie’s plot are the alien Na’vi. The Na’vi are shown as being different from humans; more spiritual and in touch with nature. There are clear parallels between

Great Depression vs Great Recession Free Essays

The United States of America has gone through many different economic ups and downs, two of the most horrific downturns would be the current recession and The Great Depression though out 1929 to 1939. The cause of these two economic events cannot be blamed on one single person or a group, but on the United States as a whole who neglected to perform their economic duties. While these two deflationary periods in our economy have several differences, they have many similarities as well, such the difficulty in receiving money from bank banks but they differ in that the Great Depression was much more difficult to go through. We will write a custom essay sample on Great Depression vs Great Recession or any similar topic only for you Order Now These two economic hardships have very similar beginnings. In the 1920’s it was known as installments, today it is known as the credit. Both are the same concept, and then you pay back the original price along with a certain amount of interest. It is a great concept since the companies are earning money on the interest but when too much credit is given out it can adversely affect the economy. During the Great Depression everyone began buying stocks with money that was loaned out by banks. While the Great Recession the banks were lending too much money for mortgages. Eventually when the stock market and housing markets crashed, the banks didn’t have any money because all of it was given out on loans. What differs though between these economic time periods, would be that the Great Depression was significantly harder to live during. The Recession only lasted for 2 years while the Depression was throughout the entire 1930s. Also during this time, the center states were dealing with a severe drought. Unemployment rate was also much higher at 25% compared to the 8% to 9% now. Social security, medicare, variety of public assistance programs like unemployment payments and food stamps were largely non-existent in the 1930s. These two time periods of economic downfall were horrible times for people. While these two periods in our economy have several differences and many similarities as well, such the difficulty in receiving money from bank banks but they differ in that the Great Depression was much more difficult to go through. How to cite Great Depression vs Great Recession, Papers

Auditing Sophistication of Business

Question: Discuss about theAuditing for Sophistication of Business. Answer: Introduction Challenges Facing Contemporary Auditors under the Following Aspects: The Increasing Sophistication and Complexity of Business Sophistication of business is favorable to the efficiency in the manufacturing and business of goods and services. The business sophistication assists in developing the competitiveness of the nation including the quality of business network of the country. In the competitive era, business organizations conduct business strategies and functions including the improved and developed technologies. Companies undertake the business functions with the improved means to provide better opportunities with respect to the quality of the products or services as well as for the individual firms. The increasing sophistication of business provides impact on the local suppliers quantity and quality, development of the country, competitive advantage, value chain process in the business as well as marketing of the business products and services (Funnell, Wade and Jupe 2016). However, the increasing sophistication in the business creates complexities in the activities with respect to the management and control for the production process as well as for the marketing process. Considering the globalization and highly developed technologies, complexities for the regulation of the legal and political factors also arise at the same time. Complexities in terms of managing the business activities, production processes, marketing and distribution including the presentation of financial information to the shareholders exist in the companies (Cheung 2015). However, the level of complexities depends on the nature and size of the business activities of the organization because in the small organizations or the companies that conducts the business manually experience less complexities. On the contrary, if the companies conduct business at large scale as well as by including the upgraded technologies, complexities level increases in such companies (Earley 2015). Considering the increasing sophistication and the complexities in the business number of challenges faced by the contemporary auditors. Auditing is the process of examining and verification of books and accounts of the business organization to assess the accountability and transparency of business activities. The auditors are required to check the business transactions, books of the accounts, and other related documents to verify the compliance of the regulatory framework of principles and regulations of accounting and other business policies. In the phase of increasing sophistication of the business, auditors experience the challenges to verify the compliance of technological policies, patents, copyrights and other related documents. Further, the auditors also experience the challenges to verify and detect the material misstatements in the books of accounts and financial statements (Rikhardsson and Dull 2016). In the modern times, business information recognition takes place through technological software in which it s difficult to detect the core fraud and errors. Apart from that, in case there is misstated, disclosures exist in the financial statements or if there is omission from the disclosures, it is difficult for the contemporary auditors to detect the correctness of such omission in large number of transactions. In addition to this, auditors also face challenges on confirmation with the governance of the management and confirmation from third parties due to large number of transactions (Williams 2015). Increasing Internationalization/ Globalization in the Business Environment Globalization in the present era is defined as the incorporation of the increasing economy across the globe along with the business trade and financial flows in the regions. It involves the utilization and incorporation of the upgraded and developed technologies for the purpose of business activities in almost all the industrial sectors. Globalization involves the integration and improvement in the corporate sector with respect to the product and service quality, quantity and methods of conducting the products and services. The basic strategies included in the globalization are multi- domestic strategy, global strategy, international strategy and transitional strategy in the economy and industrial growth (Cheung 2015). On the contrary, internationalization is the procedures by which the activities of the economy are stretch over the national boundaries. Many organizations fall under the category of multinational companies incorporating the business activities at the international level that involves foreign transactions. The companies are required to incorporate critical analysis on the capital, technological methods and software, production process and other business functions. The responsibility of the organizations is to maximize the profitability, maintain sustainability as well as maximizing the wealth for investors and shareholders. Such measures can be achieved by the organizations by following the international regulations and principles which sometimes creates complexities (Therisa and Sony 2016). Complexities are not only involved in conducting the business but the contemporary auditors are also facing the challenges with the increasing internationalization and globalization in business environment. The factors that influence the challenges are economical, social, technological and political concerned with the business operations and auditing. Since the auditing is performed by way of examining and verifying the organizational movements in compliance with the regulatory framework, it becomes challenging to analyze each of the aspect (Parida et al. 2015). Contemporary auditors experience the challenges to examine the compliance of international trading regulations with respect to the foreign exchange rates, compliance of duties and taxes regulations and compliance of foreign corporation laws. Another challenge that the auditors have to face due to increasing globalization is to examine the large number of valuation principles for assets or raw materials for production or tradi ng products. It becomes difficult for the auditors to perform the due diligence with respect to the activities performed across the national border (Rikhardsson and Dull 2016). Auditors have to face challenges with respect to the management consultation since the globalization or international business process takes longer time than the usual processes. Therefore, while performing the auditing and stating the audit opinion, the process gets delayed beyond the date of annual general meeting in which the reports are required to be presented. Further, international principles are critical and involve transactions in foreign currencies hence contemporary auditors have to face challenges on consideration of appropriate exchange rates and dates for conversion of monetary transactions in home currency. Hence it can be said that the increasing globalization in business environment offers not only innovation and opportunities but also the complexities and challenges in each of the sector (Chan, Lo and Mo 2015). Expectations Placed on Auditors Auditing means verification of the business information in order to detect any fraud, errors or misstatement that may lead to affect the materiality on the financial information of the company. Accordingly, auditors duties include detecting the potential fraud or error in the financial statements and records as well as performing due diligence with respect to the compliance of several business policies. The process of auditing is undertaken to analyze the accountability, transparency and fair view of the business information for the use of the companys stakeholders (Cohen et al. 2015). The auditors are responsible to examine fair practice of corporate governance with respect to corporate social responsibility, policies on management responsibility, directors responsibility and such other business policies. Considering the requirements of the professional bodies, auditors have been placed with greater responsibility to check the compliance of valuation principles, standards on recognition of financial information and the presentation of financial statements. It is important to present the financial records and statements with true and fair view for the use of investors that assist them in making investment decision. Therefore, auditors have been given the responsibility to check the correctness of the accounting information in terms of amounts recorded, valuation methods used and valuation principles to recognize the same. Additionally, auditors are expected to make appropriate plan with respect to the nature, time and extent of audit procedures to perform the audit ing of the organizations (Soh and Martinov-Bennie 2015). Reference List Chan, K.H., Lo, A.W. and Mo, P.L., 2015. An empirical analysis of the changes in tax audit focus on international transfer pricing.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,24, pp.94-104. Cheung, J.C., 2015. Professionalism, profession and quality assurance practitioners in external quality assurance agencies in higher education.Quality in Higher Education,21(2), pp.151-170. Cohen, J., Ding, Y., Lesage, C. and Stolowy, H., 2015. Media bias and the persistence of the expectation gap: An analysis of press articles on corporate fraud.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-23. Earley, C.E., 2015. Data analytics in auditing: Opportunities and challenges.Business Horizons,58(5), pp.493-500. Funnell, W., Wade, M. and Jupe, R., 2016. Stakeholder perceptions of performance audit credibility.Accounting and Business Research, pp.1-19. Parida, A., Kumar, U., Galar, D. and Stenstrm, C., 2015. Performance measurement and management for maintenance: a literature review.Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering,21(1), pp.2-33. Rikhardsson, P. and Dull, R., 2016. An exploratory study of the adoption, application and impacts of continuous auditing technologies in small businesses.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,20, pp.26-37. Soh, D.S. and Martinov-Bennie, N., 2015. Internal auditors perceptions of their role in environmental, social and governance assurance and consulting.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(1), pp.80-111. Therisa, K.K. and Sony, M., 2016. Enhancing impact of ergonomics in educational institutions: theoretical foundations and practical viewpoints.International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking,6(2), pp.133-146. Williams, J., 2015. Does a neurodevelopmental movement program affect Australian school children's academic performance? Unlocking Potential: A report.Australian Journal of Child and Family health Nursing,12(2), p.12.

Rehabilitation Counselor Education Programs Regarding free essay sample

For the past several years, the health care and insurance industries in America have been undergoing significant reform in order to rein in the high cost of delivering health care services. Managed care has become a cornerstone of this process (Strickland, 1995). The case management industry (with its focus on cost containment, managed competition, and quality care) is playing an increasingly important role in the managed care environment (Owens, 1996). According to Mullahy (1995a), the number of case managers has risen astronomically in recent years. These individuals come from diverse professional backgrounds and practice settings that include nursing, rehabilitation counseling, and social work. Case management, however, is not a new concept. Many human service, rehabilitation, and health care professions have a history of using case management models in the execution of their responsibilities. For example, in many psychiatric rehabilitation work settings social workers are frequently hired as case managers to coordinate the provision of community-based services to their clientele (Sledge, Astrachan, Thompson, Rakfeldt, Leaf, 1995). We will write a custom essay sample on Rehabilitation Counselor Education Programs Regarding or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Case management is also an extremely important function of rehabilitation counselors in both public and private sectors (Leahy, Chan, Taylor, Wood Downey, 1997; Leahy, Szymanski Linkowski, 1993; Matkin, 1995). Similarly, medical case management is increasingly being viewed as an essential aspect of professional nursing practice (Lamb, 1995). The Development of Private Sector Case Management The impetus for case management practice in health care settings can be traced to the skyrocketing cost of workers compensation in the 1970s. Private sector rehabilitation grew in response to the demand for vocational rehabilitation services by workers compensation insurance carriers (Matkin, 1995). Federal legislation also promoted the growth of private sector case management services. albeit inadvertently. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 gave priority within the state-federal vocational rehabilitation system to individuals with severe disabilities, causing workers compensation carriers to seek vocational rehabilitation services for their (typically less severely injured) claimants in the private sector Habeck, Leahy, Hunt, Chan Welch, 1991). In increasing numbers. rehabilitation nurses and rehabilitation counselors were hired to provide both medical and vocational case management services to workers compensation claimants. In the late 1980s, case management began to develop its own impetus as an independent profession (E. Holt, personal communication, December 1, 1996). In 1991, 29 organizations involved in the field gathered in Dallas, Texas, at a consensus meeting organized by the Individual Case Management Association. The intent was to agree upon the philosophical basis for case management, a universal definition of case management, and a set of meaningful practice standards. Eventually, a certification program for case managers was developed, including eligibility criteria and content areas for a certification examination. On July 1, 1995, the Commission for Case Manager Certification (CCMC) was incorporated as a separate, independent credentialing body. Although the process is still very young, there are already over 19,000 Certified Case Mangers (CCMs) who have completed certification requirements. With technical and administrative support from the Foundation for Rehabilitation Education and Research, Leahy (1994) surveyed 14,078 practicing case managers representing multiple professional disciplines in a variety of work settings. His research suggested that case managers share a common knowledge base required for case management practice comprised of five factors: 1) coordination and delivery of services; 2) physical and psychosocial aspects of disability; 3) benefit systems and cost benefit analysis; 4) case management concepts; and 5) principles of community re-entry. Roles and Functions Studies In 1991, Matkin used a job analysis approach to identify work role categories as well as knowledge requirements associated with the major tasks performed by rehabilitation specialists in the private sector (Matkin, 1995). Seven major knowledge domains were identified, but case management and the coordination of rehabilitation services were determined to occupy approximately 40% of the subjects work time. More recently, Leahy, Chan, Taylor, Wood, and Downey (1997) identified seven empirically derived knowledge factors as important for effective private rehabilitation practice. These knowledge factors are: vocational assessment and planning; case management and reporting; expert witness testimony; employment and disability related legislation and regulations; community resources; psychosocial and functional aspects of disability; and job analysis and odification. In their study, knowledge of case management was rated as most important with a mean (M) score of 3. 24 (based on a five-point Likert-type scale, with 0 meaning not important to 4 indicating absolutely essential). Their study may reflect a shift in private rehabilitation practice from predominantly vocational counseling and job placement to medical and vocational case management. These same researchers also found several distinctions between private rehabilitation practitioners with a rehabilitation counseling background and those with a nursing background. While specialists with rehabilitation counseling expertise viewed knowledge in vocational rehabilitation as important to private rehabilitation practice, practitioners with a nursing background believed that community resources and medical rehabilitation service coordination activities were more important.

Sustainability on Hitachi and Cake Crumbs

Sustainability on Hitachi and Cake Crumbs Hitachi is a leading global electronic company commonly known as Hitachi Global Storage Technologies (Hitachi GST). It specializes in the manufacture of hard disc drives, external storage solutions as well as solid state drives. These components are commonly used to handle wide array of data. For instance, data can be generated, stored, processed, retrieved and also disseminated using these components.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability on Hitachi and Cake Crumbs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, this company also offers myriad of products, systems and services which are used in data management. Some of these products include electronic devices, information systems, power and industrial systems, financial and logistics services as well as consumer products. Hitachi Company has a wide range of internal and external hard disc drives which offer a satisfactory storage capacity to meet the demand of tech savvy modern users. The drives therefore let one backup and synchronize important data. These drives are known to be reliable and fast enough in terms of speed thus meeting the needs of the consumers. Hitachi has a variety of hard drives and each variety has unique characteristics. Deskstar T7K500 which is a 3.5 inch hard disk drive has a formatted capacity of 250 to 500 GB and works at a speed of 7200 RPM. The disc drive works under a temperature of between 0-60 degrees centigrade and a humidity of 8-90%. The drive is made of sub-drives that are advantageous in that they require minimal running and spinning power and less cooling of the drive. It is also capable of spinning down drives that are not being used at a certain time. In terms of memory, the disc drives possess large Processing memory. Hitachi disk driveAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addit ion to this, the drive possesses data integrity in that in case of power loss, Customers’ data is not lost. It has no preventitive maintenance and can withstand 50,000 Start and stop cycles. Moreover, it has a data recovery system. All these Functional characteristics make the device highly reliable.1 Another organization where the same innovative principle is evidenced is ‘Cake Crumbs’ in Denver. This is a three years old baking company with a notable expansion over the past few years. Apart from cakes, they also make salads and sandwiches. As a result, their supply market has widened with time. They are dedicated to making their customers happy through their services that even involve making deliveries to customers’ residences. In addition to this, they make sure they share news about their products together with any happenings around. They are keen to customers’ suggestions and feedback.2   The shop has made use of a variety of ingredients sour ced from the locality and this has consequently resulted to expansion of its menus to meet demand. Cake baking and decorations scientifically and visionary art forms are employed. The success of ‘Cake Crumbs’ can also be attributed to its creative, experienced, focused and professional employees. In summing up, it is imperative to mention that the invention of the Hitachi disc drives has contributed a lot to the growth of information technology. Its reliability, environmental adaptations, storage and memory capacity among other features increases its suitability across the board. As far as Cake Crumb is concerned, it is definitely an aspect to reckon with. Many businesses can borrow from it. Finally, the following measures are highly recommended: 3 Introduction and distribution of the drives in various geographical locations. Sensitization of both active and prospect consumers through strategic marketing. Marketing of Cake Crumb products to other areas of Colorado an d neighboring countries. The cakes can also be delivered to consumers within their localities in order to reduce physical distance. In addition, sustainable raw materials (ingredients) can be purchased from affordable or less expensive sources. It is important to utilize a lot of media attention techniques for marketing and sustainability. Mostly, the extensive use of social media by the Cake Crumb Company is positive and a good step for extensive marketing. Use of Hitachi disc drives that are relatively smaller in size. Conclusion The companies analyzed have several aspects in common. Most of the similarities relate to techniques of enhancing relevance and sustainability in the market. The following are some of comparisons that can be drawn from the two companies:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability on Hitachi and Cake Crumbs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both companies embrace creativity and innovat iveness as key to remaining relevant in the market. Hitachi Company has drives that are customized and can meet the demands from tech savvy customers. Cake Crumb Company utilizes the social media as a way of capturing both existing and prospective customers. This is creative because it places the company relevant for long. According to Chasser and Wolfe, companies must use available media attention techniques and unique characteristics to maintain their relevance. 4 The two companies have effective customer services. Cake Crumb company has a program that taps suggestions and feedbacks from the customers. The company then tries as much as possible to offer its customers some of their preferences as a form of retaining them. Hitachi Company has myriad of services, systems and products that are at disposals. This kind of variety ensures that customers can easily obtain what they actually need at any given time. The company also customizes some of its products to fit the taste and prefe rences of consumers. It is crucial to mention that good customer service is necessary in any business operation bearing in mind that no single business organization can remain relevant in the market without the positive input of consumers. The two companies are well endowed with strategic business marketing as well as business connecting. The latter is a fundamental form of marketing any kind of company. Most importantly, the direction taken is mainly customer based. It seeks to analyze the needs, tastes and preferences of consumers and streamlining production accordingly.5 The use of social media and widening of the market by Cake Crumb is one way of moving closer to the targeted consumers who are supposed to understand the products being offered in the market and possibly make necessary choices. Hitachi, on the other hand, is keenly focusing on Corporate Social Responsibility especially in management of the environment. Both companies have variety of products for their customers. The element of variety in both product and service portfolio has been utilized by both companies as a marketing strategy of not only maintaining their customers but also attracting new ones.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bibliography Chaser, Anne Wolfe, Jennifer. Brand rewired: Connecting Branding, creativity, and intellectual property strategy. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc, 2010. Estes, Jonathan. Smart green: how to implement sustainable business practices in any industry and make money. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2009. Jose, San. â€Å"Hitachi Inspire the Next†. Hitachi. Web. Lichtenthal, David. Fundamentals of business marketing education: A guide for university-level faculty and policymakers. New York: The Haworth Press, Inc, 2004. Team Cake-Crumbs. Pie, â€Å"Beautiful Pie†. Cake Crumbs. Web. Footnotes 1 San Jose, â€Å"Hitachi Inspire the Next†. Hitachi. 2 Team Cake-Crumbs. Pie, â€Å"Beautiful Pie†. Cake Crumbs. 3 Jonathan Estes. Smart green: how to implement sustainable business practices in any industry and make money. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2009,pp. 140-141. 4 Anne Chaser Wolfe, Jennifer. Brand rewired: Connecting Branding, creativity, and intellectual p roperty strategy. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc, 2010.p. 62. 5David Lichtenthal. Fundamentals of business marketing education: A guide for university-level faculty and policymakers. New York: The Haworth Press, Inc, 2004. p.28.

How the Assembly Line Revolutionized the Car Industry

How the Assembly Line Revolutionized the Car Industry By the early 1900s,  gasoline cars  started to outsell all other types of motor vehicles. The market was growing for automobiles and the need for industrial production was pressing. The first car manufacturers in the world were French companies Panhard Levassor (1889) and Peugeot (1891). Daimler  and  Benz  started out as innovators who experimented with car design to test their engines before becoming full car manufacturers. They made their early money by licensing their patents and selling their engines to car manufacturers. The First Assemblers Rene Panhard and Emile Levassor were partners in a woodworking machinery business when they decided to become car manufacturers. They built their first car in 1890 using a Daimler engine. The partners not only manufactured cars, they made improvements to the automotive body design. Levassor was the first designer to move the engine to the front of the car and use a rear-wheel drive layout. This design was known as the Systeme Panhard and quickly became the standard for all cars because it gave a better balance and improved steering. Panhard and Levassor are also credited with the invention of the modern transmission, which was installed in their 1895 Panhard. Panhard and Levassor also shared the licensing rights to Daimler motors with Armand Peugot. A Peugot car went on to win the first car race held in France, which gained Peugot publicity and boosted car sales. Ironically, the Paris to Marseille race of 1897 resulted in a fatal auto accident, killing Emile Levassor. Early on, French manufacturers did not standardize car models as each car was different from the other. The first standardized car was the 1894 Benz Velo. One hundred and thirty-four identical Velos were manufactured in 1895. American Car Assembly Americas first gas-powered commercial car manufacturers were Charles and Frank Duryea. The brothers were bicycle makers who became interested in gasoline engines and automobiles. They built their first motor vehicle in 1893 in Springfield, Massachusetts and by 1896 the Duryea Motor Wagon Company had sold thirteen models of the Duryea, an expensive limousine that remained in production into the 1920s. The first automobile to be mass produced in the United States was the 1901 Curved Dash Oldsmobile, built by the American car manufacturer Ransome Eli Olds (1864-1950). Olds invented the basic concept of the assembly line and started the Detroit area automobile industry. He first began making steam and gasoline engines with his father, Pliny Fisk Olds, in Lansing, Michigan in 1885. Olds designed his first steam-powered car in 1887. In 1899, with his experience in making gasoline engines, Olds moved to Detroit to start the Olds Motor Works with the goal of producing low-priced cars. He produced 425 Curved Dash Olds in 1901, and was Americas leading auto manufacturer from 1901 to 1904. Henry Ford Revolutionizes Manufacturing American car manufacturer Henry Ford (1863-1947) was credited with inventing an improved assembly line. He formed the Ford Motor Company in 1903. It was the third car manufacturing company formed to produce the cars he designed. He introduced the Model T in 1908 and it became a big success. Around 1913, he installed the first conveyor belt-based assembly line in his car factory at Fords Highland Park, Michigan plant. The assembly line reduced production costs for cars by reducing assembly time. For example, Fords famous Model T was assembled in ninety-three minutes. After installing the moving assembly lines in his factory, Ford became the worlds biggest car manufacturer. By 1927, 15 million Model Ts had been manufactured. Another victory won by Henry Ford was the  patent battle  with George B. Selden. Selden, who held a patent on a road engine. On that basis, Selden was paid royalties by all American car manufacturers. Ford overturned Seldens patent and opened the American car market for the building of inexpensive cars.

Arts and culture of Baroque period Research Paper

Arts and culture of Baroque period - Research Paper Example Artists in this period were known for their habit and love for artwork that revealed the fantastic energy and induced emotional reactions from various individuals in the society. Thus, the onlookers and admirers of various artworks exhibited a range of emotional reactions. Equally important, Baroque art was widely known for the use of bright colors and selective illumination of figures. The artists were dynamic in their works revealing various senses of movement while drawing. Furthermore, these artists drew images that were direct and distinct to different people in the community. Although these images were obvious, creative artists made them dramatic. They did this by using dramatic colors and effects on their work. Moreover, they enhanced their artworks by ensuring continuous overlapping of element and figures in their drawings. During this period, there were numerous talented artists whose work were admirable and highly demanded. Although the artists were many, the rules required the every artist to work specifically for or under one patron at a time. The number of patrons at that time was equally large since the demand for the artwork was high. According to the article Baroque art, patrons such as the church, secular government and the courts among other were in need of artists. The rules and regulations set by the artist/patron relationship act empowered patrons giving them total control and authority over contracted artists. Although this rule worked for a very long period, it later changed.

Multinational Corporate Entities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Multinational Corporate Entities - Essay Example   A well governed MCE must balance the three groups in organisation which are shareholders, boards of directors and managers without compromising the monetary promises and other responsibilities to the stakeholders. Shareholders provide the capital so that they can achieve benefit from it and increase the organisation’s corporate worth. Shareholders possess rights and authorities to choose or to discharge directors and auditors, and employ, support or reject any kind of central changes for the sake of organisation’s wellbeing such as merger or alterations in investment structure . Managing External Corporate RelationshipsThe legal and regulatory obligations are portions of external incentive structure aimed at ensuring obligation of common business standards such as impartiality, transparency, liability, concern for protecting the shareholders, the customers, the employees, and avoiding offensive business practices which can impact on environment. National and interna tional organisations have developed several external aspects on best practices of organisation such as appropriate disclosure of financial statements, proper accounting and auditing principles, employment regulations, environment criterions and industrial product standards among others. Managing the external aspects is essential as without those an organisation can face acquisition from other firms . Shareholders, as company owners, have the right to enable corporate governance and govern the organisation directly.... Shareholders provide the capital so that they can achieve benefit from it and increase the organisation’s corporate worth. Shareholders possess rights and authorities to choose or to discharge directors and auditors, and employ, support or reject any kind of central changes for the sake of organisation’s wellbeing such as merger or alterations in investment structure4. Managing External Corporate Relationships The legal and regulatory obligations are portions of external incentive structure aimed at ensuring obligation of common business standards such as impartiality, transparency, liability, concern for protecting the shareholders, the customers, the employees, and avoiding offensive business practices which can impact on environment. National and international organisations have developed several external aspects on best practices of organisation such as appropriate disclosure of financial statements, proper accounting and auditing principles, employment regulations, environment criterions and industrial product standards among others. Managing the external aspects is essential as without those an organisation can face acquisition from other firms5. Rights of Shareholders Shareholders, as company owners, have the right to enable corporate governance and govern the organisation directly or by voted representatives. The shareholders are not likely to undertake duty for handling corporate actions as they are usually positioned for board and administration teams. Shareholders can instigate the business units to provide attention on specific major concerns such as vote of board members and any other ways for inducing the arrangement of the board, alterations to the organisation’s gradual brochures,

Private or public Essay Example for Free

Private or public Essay Most parents want their children to gain better knowledge because knowledge is the most vital thing for children to live through in the future. To gain better knowledge, the most right thing is to choose an appropriate school. Parents struggle with it because it is relatively difficult to choose an appropriate school for their children. They consider choosing either private school or public school. There are many differences between public and private schools. The purpose of this essay is to differentiate teachers, studying conditions and tuition of private and public schools. The first difference between private and public school is teachers. Teachers of private school are better educated than teachers of public schools. Because private school employers try to hire well educated teachers who have not only have a bachelor’s degree but also have a graduate degree. The quality of education is the most important one. Moreover, private school teachers have to have well communication skills and ability to teach well. In contrast, public schools don’t care much of their teachers. Any teacher who has a bachelor’s degree can teach in public school. The second difference between private and public school is studying conditions. Studying condition in private school is less noisy than that in public school. Because, private school have less number of students and teachers as compared to the public schools. In addition, studying rooms are more comfortable than that in public schools. Moreover, studying rooms in public schools are known to be worse than in private schools with buildings, libraries and furniture. Many prestigious private schools provide new books to their students which make students more likely to study. On the contrary, most books which are provided from public schools are old. For this reason, students motivation to study decreases. The third difference between private and public school is tuition. Most private schools charge tuitions. Most of the private schools hold an event for parents. These activities are dedicated for parents to have stable communication between teachers and parents. In conclusion, parents choose private schools because it is better than public schools. I graduated from private school but, I had studied public school too. So, I know the differences and identifications of private and public schools. The reason why I choose private school is, I studied better in private school than in public school. There were many advantages that I found in a private school which were the studying condition was better in private school and teachers were highly qualified than that in public school. It is much better to choose private school because private school can educate student better than public school. Despite, private school charges tuition while it can give students much more education than public school. The more you pay, the more you take.

Beware of Your Washing Machine and its Shiftless Partner, the Dryer :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Beware of Your Washing Machine and its Shiftless Partner, the Dryer Professor’s comment: This student’s writing embodies a peculiar configuration of literary polish, linguistic facility, playful authorial self-awareness, and unadulterated goofiness. It is proudly, but not without trepidation, that I submit this essay to 123HelpMe and unleash the elegant lunacy of Rob Geis upon an unsuspecting world. Around the world, across America, even here in town, there is a crime occurring—a robbery of unguessed proportions and most of us aren’t even aware of it.It happens every week, yet we blithely aid and abet the criminals, willingly, if unconsciously, destroying the evidence of their heinous offence. These criminals are everywhere. They can usually be found working in pairs. They lurk in the dark corners of our home, or even in well-lit shops. The patrons of these storefront locations cast furtive glances at one another, feeding coins into slots as they are slowly, quietly robbed of their most prized possessions. I am talking about, of course, a theft of laundry. The criminals are your washing machine and its shiftless partner, the dryer. Manufacturers of these devious devices paint them white in order to enhance their image of cleanliness and honesty, but behind this friendly exterior there lies a crafty heart. Laundromat models are even equipped with glass doors. Through these doors, we watch, hypnotized, as our belongings are spun away from us. While discussing this laundry larceny, I refer not to the occasional petty pilferage of the odd argyle sock, in which every washer/dryer seems to indulge. This well-known and carefully documented occurrence is merely the tip, as it were, of the iceberg. Long misunderstood as pure coincidence, the lost-sock phenomenon was finally explained in an episode of the cartoon â€Å"Ren and Stimpy.† In this episode, the two fearless adventurers travel to an alternate universe, where they find an extremely smelly planet, which contains, amongst other sundry items, all the socks that have ever disappeared from our world. In retrospect, this kleptomaniacal attitude toward socks should have tipped me, of all people, off a little sooner. I have come to realize that I have been granted the gift of the Virgo, which is my astrological sign. Virgos are renowned for their attention to detail, although there are a few unenlightened souls who refer to us as obsessive/compulsive at best and anal-retentive at worst.

Written Abstract on Sea Turtles

The article, entitled â€Å"Relationship of Blood Mercury Levels to Health Parameters in the Loggerhead Sea Turtle† by Day et al. , (2007) aimed at investigating the threat of mercury as one of the pervasive environmental pollutants in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). The rationale behind this study is that there was a need for a study that focuses on the presence of mercury in sea turtles and its toxic effects since immunosuppression is evident in diseased populations. Total Hg analysis, clinical chemistry and complete blood counts,lymphocyte proliferation: ex vivo THg exposure, incubation, lymphocyte proliferation: in vitro MeHg exposure, lysozyme activity, corticosterone and testosterone, statistical analysis, THg concentrations, the use of clinical blood parameters, and ex vivo lymphocyte were implemented to obtain results. Randomly selected free-ranging subadult and adult turtles that served as the research sample were examined from May 2001 to July 2003. To assess proliferative responses, lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to methylmercury. The authors found a positive correlation between blood mercury concentrations and hematocrit and creatine phosphokinase activity, but they also found a negative correlation between blood mercury concentrations and lymphocyte cell counts and aspartate aminotransferase. The positive correlation result implied that there is higher affinity of mercury species for erythrocytes than plasma. It also showed that it is important to measure hematocrit when analyzing whole blood for mercury. On the other hand, in vitro immunosuppression occurred at methylmercury concentrations that correspond to approximately 5% of the research sample which were captured in the wild. In addition, the negative correlation result found ex vivo between mercury and lymphocyte numbers and mercury and B-cell proliferative responses. This implies that there is a possibility that it is possible that mercury negatively impacts on the immune function of sea turtle in the wild.

Physical Abuse Letter

Shondra Gant 91-1413 Halahua St. Kapolei, HI 96707 (123)456-7890 [email  protected] com October 7, 2012 Theo Bark Writer TheBoomBox. com 770 Broadway New York, NY 10003 Dear Mr. Bark, Your article written on October 5, 2012 concerning the Chris Brown and Rihanna matter, writing how her father approves of their reconciliation is not a subject that should just be taken lightly.Abusive relationships are a serious matter and stating that it is okay to continue a relationship with your abuser is the wrong message to be sending to people, including those that are in abusive relationships and won't speak up about what they go through. Considering that 80% of girls in abusive relationships continue to be in the relationship with their abuser( Bhatti paragraph 7, statistic 2), ending a relationship and starting it back up again is the same circumstance. Writing this article IS NOT the correct message that you should be sending.That ultimately the people that hurt you once can change and won 't hurt you again, â€Å"He used to hit her†¦. He swore that it wouldn't happen again but it only got worse;†( Sparks, P. 64). 33% of teenagers do not speak up if they are being abused( Bhatti paragraph 6, statistic 3), 24% of women ages 18-35 haven't said if they were being harmed in an abusive relationship( Glamour magazine). When Rihanna spoke up about he matter, they said goodbye, there was a hearing, and they stopped speaking.Now these rumors of a reconciliation are bringing up memories and making this a hot topic again. And now coming out, saying her father approves of this, that this event between them is just a ‘mistake, and everyone should be forgiven once'( Bark, paragraph 3). People who continue to forgive abusers realize they shouldn't have, and by writing this article this is what you are saying: Just go ahead and forgive! Abusive relationships are a major issue, but seeing how these are music professionals that people listen to and look up to, this hi ts home much more.The children that look up to these individuals will think, â€Å"well she took him back! I can too!!! † Do you have kids Mr. Bark? I don't, but I have 6 younger siblings, seeing your article that a family member approves of an abuser getting back together with the abused, and every other article stating they are back together IS NOT something I want my siblings thinking is acceptable in society. Thank you for your time in reading my letter on what I thought of your article. Sincerely yours, Shondra Gant

Simple Créer (to Create) Verb Conjugations in French

Simple 'Crà ©er' (to Create) Verb Conjugations in French In French, the verb  crà ©er  means to create. When you want to change it to another tense like created or creating, you will need to conjugate it. The good news is that this verb is relatively straightforward and similar to the majority of French verbs. Conjugating the French Verb  Crà ©er French verb conjugations are different than those in English. When conjugating a French verb, we must change the verb ending to match both the subject pronoun and the desired tense. Doing this can be confusing for French students, but it becomes easier with each new verb you learn. Crà ©er  is a  regular -ER verb  and it follows a very common verb conjugation pattern. Simply pair the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense needed for your sentence. For instance, I created is jai crà ©Ãƒ © and we will create is nous crà ©erons. Practicing these in context will help with memorization. Subject Present Future Imperfect je crà ©e crà ©erai crà ©ais tu crà ©es crà ©eras crà ©ais il crà ©e crà ©era crà ©ait nous crà ©ons crà ©erons crà ©ions vous crà ©ez crà ©erez crà ©iez ils crà ©ent crà ©eront crà ©aient The Present Participle of  Crà ©er The  present participle  of  crà ©er  is  crà ©ant.  This acts as a verb, though it can also become a gerund, adjective, or noun in some contexts. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © A  common way to express the past tense created in French is with the  passà © composà ©. To construct this, begin with the subject pronoun and the proper conjugate of the  auxiliary verb  avoir. Then, add the  past participle  crà ©Ãƒ ©. As an example, I created is jai crà ©Ãƒ © and we created is nous avons crà ©Ãƒ ©. Notice how  ai  and  avons  are conjugates of  avoir  and that the past participle does not change. More Simple  Crà ©er  Conjugations The subjunctive verb mood will be used when the verb is uncertain. Similarly, the conditional implies that something may not happen unless something else also happens. The passà © composà © and imperfect subjunctive are primarily literary forms and are often found in writing. While you may not use all these forms, its important to at least know about them. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je crà ©e crà ©erais crà ©ai crà ©asse tu crà ©es crà ©erais crà ©as crà ©asses il crà ©e crà ©erait crà ©a crà ©Ãƒ ¢t nous crà ©ions crà ©erions crà ©Ãƒ ¢mes crà ©assions vous crà ©iez crà ©eriez crà ©Ãƒ ¢tes crà ©assiez ils crà ©ent crà ©eraient crà ©Ãƒ ¨rent crà ©assent To express  crà ©er  in the imperative form  is easy. Keep things short and sweet for these assertive sentences and skip the subject pronoun. Rather than tu crà ©e, use crà ©e alone. Imperative (tu) crà ©e (nous) crà ©ons (vous) crà ©ez

A Fantasy Story from Another World

The cat tried to remind me of my dignity by seeing the girl. But, as usual, when they see his young man, his hard and sunny eyes will soften. She is a naughty human girl from 4 to 5 years old who has sweet, blonde hair and blue eyes like the sky. Cats are currently caught in the most rude manner, his feet are hanging in the air, and his body remains tight in the space between her arms and the body. The girl turned and his golden blonde eyes slightly swollen. However, he was absurd but resisted. Fantasy: Another world of fairy tales. The definition looks simple, but it's not as simple as it sounds audible. This is an exquisite story of a fantastic fairy whose creation lives in a fantastic world that requires some important elements. Fairy Tales, J. R. R. Turkien plays the role of a chef and uses soup as a fairy tale. In order to realize the concept of fantasy, the author has created a secondary world for the reader. - High fantasy is a relatively new type introduced in the second half of the 19th century. Through this novel, authors have the opportunity to answer the big social problems winning in their lives. This matures this type as our culture progresses. High fantasy has rapidly evolved into a widely accepted and accepted type; George R.R What is a fantasy novel? Fantasy is a type that uses magic and other supernatural elements as the main plot. The story created by many authors tells the world of supernatural power and magic. Science fiction, fantasy, horror is a subtype of speculative fiction. Therefore, these three are closely related and are often misunderstood as the same. Several authors with little knowledge about genre differences may overlap. Scope of Fantasy Novels - Types of fantasies are mainly medieval shapes. But in a broader sense, in fantasy, many writers, filmmakers, artists, works of ancient legends and mythical musicians are included in many of the recent popular works I will. Fantasy novel works range from structural theory mainly to rum en space, medieval connection, and popular culture.

SuperJam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SuperJam - Assignment Example A dashingly young entrepreneur, Fraser Doherty, not even in his 20s, concocted fruit jams with absolutely no sugar and preservatives, using grape fruit instead, to sweeten them. There are varieties of flavors to choose from: blueberry and blackcurrant, rhubarb and ginger fruit, orange and passion fruit, and cranberry and raspberry. What makes SuperJam unique and distinct from other fruit jams is that its ingredients are all sourced from the freshest fruit farms in Scotland and the innovative blend which created new and excitingly healthy flavors. Rhubarb, for instance, was reported to be an antioxidant with loads of Vitamins A and C. Likewise, it is a natural laxative which helps improve cleansing and detoxification of the body’s waste products. When combined with ginger, a tuber which gives a warming and calming effect, the fruit jam concocted is best applied in pies, oatcakes, and porridge. In the video entitled Tricky Business, John Boyle, a multi millionaire and UK’s most successful entrepreneur mentored Fraser Doherty when he reflected on expanding his homemade fruit jam business and planned to market it in supermarkets. Doherty started working on using his grandmother’s jam recipe when he was 14 years old and weathered all sorts of challenges and trials of entrepreneurship. Boyle, during their first encounter, advised Fraser to expand slowly by moving the production to a small factor from his kitchen, to get some investment, and to supply his jam to delis and small shops.

The Role of the Colonies in the British Mercantilist System Essay

The Role of the Colonies in the British Mercantilist System - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in the early 17th century, England was a second rate producer, merchant and naval force. By the end of the century, it pushed out its first class competitors, such as the Dutch and the French, through its military prowess and economic ingenuity. King James II, a firm believer in the divine right of a ruler, solidified the colonial rule.   Though his successors, who would loosen the grip on the power over colonies, the British Empire was based on commerce and thus its protection through military prowess. British Empire expanded using its colonies as a source of economic progress and status symbol among other countries.   With King James II, British colonies turned into a source of profit and power for the British Empire. King James II attempted to create a centrally managed Atlantic Empire. Though the Glorious Revolution weakened royal grip on power, King James II put forth the foundations of mercantilism, such as the need to expand economically in order to be a glorious empire. British colonies thus served to improve British economic status among other monarchies and independent states and towns in Europe. Mercantilism was a policy promoting self-sufficiency among countries of the day. According to Nettels, â€Å"[t]he policy aimed to gain for the nation a high degree of security or self-sufficiency, especially as regards food supply, raw materials needed for essential industries, and the sinews of war†. With this goal in mind, the British aristocracy pursued colonies which could produce sugar, tobacco and other food products. In exchange, they were required to buy English manufactured goods, or use the English merchants as intermediaries (Henretta & Brody 69). This practice was prescribed by the Staple Act of 1663, according to which colonial planters bought most of the needed manufactured goods from England (Nettels 109). England prohibited trade with other European countries, as it could not impose favorable terms of trade (Nettels 105). English government designed laws that would keep colonies dependent upon English economy: â€Å"Slaves must be bought from English slave traders. The area must depend upon English sources for capital and credit, and the planters could not avail themselves of legal devices in order to ease their burdens of debt† (Nettels 109). Industrial development overwhelmingly took place in England. English policies were to encourage industrial development by any means possible, such as â€Å"tariffs, bounties and other forms of state aid† (Nettels 113). Unlike the English manufacturers, colonial manufacturers received no such subsidies (Nettels 113). English government ensured the policy was followed by forbidding colonial governments to assist colonies with any help whatsoever in the field of manufacturing (Nettels 113). The British aristocracy encouraged conquest of new colonies, and imposed itself as a naval power (Nettels 106). Mercantilists viewed it a government’s duty to guard favorable terms of trade and to store an adequate amount of gold and silver (Nettels 106). Therefore, according to the Navigation Act of 1661, the mercantilist government prohibited its citizens all trade with foreign merchants and vessels (Nettels 109). Its military ensured the law was obeyed and they even imposed it on the Dutch and the French. However, the mercantilist government did not create activities in the colonies. According to Nettels, economic activities sprang up from colonists, who decided which economic activity was necessary for their survival in new lands (108). As a result, the government only controlled a certain economic activity once it had proven itself to be profitable. The British government retarded the economic growth of plantations. The mercantilist system in England did not aim to promote economic development in its colonies. Mercantilism aimed to extract wealth from

What Was The Dominant Theological Issues At Stake In The Resolution Of Essay

What Was The Dominant Theological Issues At Stake In The Resolution Of Nicene Crede - Essay Example It was not a new concept that was brought in by the Nicene Crede; it was an agreement between the east and the west on the basis of Christian theology. In AD 325, the first Ecumenical Council adopted the Nicene Crede. This listed out the basic tenets that would make the Nicene Crede as accepted by the Ecumenical church. Ecumenical was a world wide general council that adopted the standard practices that the church should follow and this applied to all the churches everywhere in the world. Therefore, Nicene Creed can be looked at as the set of rules that were adopted by the entire world for the church. The Nicene Creed went through changes in the Constantinople Council in 381 AD (Collins, Ken., 2006). The canons went through alterations and included the terms 'and the son' in the decrees in addition to the 'holy spirit'. This council firmed the Nicene Creed and indicated that no more creeds will be recognised by the Ecumenical council. Whereas Nicene Creed was about one and the only Holy Spirit and his one and only son, there were other theologies that came out in the later creeds like Chalcedonian, Apostle and others. Nicene Creed has been accepted by a number of Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches. Some of the Protestant churches are also subscribers to these thoughts. Nicene Creed puts the entire Christian theology as accepted by the Ecumenical council into a summary or doctrine. History is resplendent with the changes that were brought into the creed at different points of time. The changes that were introduced in the creed were brought in by the western thinking Roman Catholics mostly and many changes in these were subsequently accepted. Nicene Creed was later etched on stone and metal to be made the basic faith on which Christianity laid its stress on. In short, Nicene Creed theology espouses the cause of one universal God and his Son, who was born as the saviour of the world and the human beings here. He was the one who came in the body of the human being and He was the one who was resurrected on the third day after He was crucified by Pontius Pilate. He will come back again on the judgement day to judge the dead and the living. Every true Christian would believe in the Holy Spirit and would worship the Father and the Son. There is only one Single Church and one Baptism that would forgive all the sins (Creeds, 1997). They would also believe in the 'resurrection of the dead and that the life of the world to come'. Thesis Nicene Creed theology states that there is only one God, the Father. It also believes in the making of the earth and all the things that are visible and invisible by him. The later filioque addition to the theology is in the form of 'the son' in addition to the Father. This meant that the Son was a part of the entire process from the very beginning even before the commencement of the creation. The creed was created to adjudge the faith of the individual and had to insist on the existence of one church for all Catholic and Apostle. The Nicene Creed could therefore, be said in a short summary, that there is only one God, the Father and his Son, and he created the universe and the Son came in the body of the human being to deliver the people off their sins. It also said that they are to be worshipped and glorified and that there is only one church for Catholic and Apostolic communions. It also said that there will be a judgement day when the world, both the dead and the living will be j udged and when every person who lived here

Community Relations of MAS holdings

Community Relations of MAS holdings In any company, the greatest challenge is managing the business. To support this end, a companys relationship with the community plays a pivotal role. In terms of corporate social responsibility MAS Holdings has done a considerable amount of work towards uplifting Sri Lankans in a social context. It has also worked to retain customer attraction through achieving their targets and maintaining customer compliance standards by ensuring the employees work in a safe working environment. This report illustrates MAS Holdings relationship with the community and provides recommendations for improving community group relationships for business well-being. Company Background MAS Holdings is a company, which has focused on the apparel manufacturing business for the last 20 years. It has great success to date with a consolidated turnover of approximately more than 400 million USD and has a massive growth in operations. The majority of the success has been achieved within the US market, which accounts for almost 60% of sales. Europe and UK provides the majority of the balance. In terms of customer focus, the company gains 50-55% of turnover from Victoria Secret, 14% from Gap another 10% from Marks Spencer. In terms of global presence, the company is present in more than 5 locations globally, including China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Mexico, India, Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Maldives and US. The company is made of multiple investments mostly in the form of joint ventures in Intimate Apparel Manufacturing, Elastic Manufacturing, Knit Fabrics, Lace, Bra Accessories and recently Design Development. Key stakeholders and their level of influence and impact on the company 2a). Benefits of stakeholders analysis for MAS Holdings Undertaking a taking stakeholder analysis benefits the company as follows, Opportunity to identify the interest of the all stakeholders on the company Recognizing the groups that affect or affected by the company The power level of each stakeholder and ways to reduce negative impact on the company Identifying the stakeholders who have decrease association with MAS and getting them involved in company events at particular stages Identify potential issues that might disrupt the company It also helps to visualize the risk factors and plan strategic responses 2b). Key community groups and their impact on the company Stakeholder mapping provides insight in to which parties have the most impact on the company (See appendix 2). Described below is the influence and impact of each stakeholder. CEO and The Board of Directors (High Interest + High Power) This includes companys major players and potential stakeholders. In it consists of the chairperson, Mahesh Amalean and the board of directors which includes the other two Amalean brothers and 7 directors. (Refer appendix 2 figure) From the beginning MAS was a benchmark for being a superior employer. All the main key players of the company are responsible for sustainability in community development. By looking at the significant steps that have been taken by them to develop the community and their employees it is clear that they have made a big difference. As per Ajay Amalean it was the right thing to do. We had absolutely no idea that 20 years down the road, the things we were doing would be called CSR. Venture Capital and Customers of (High Interest + High Power) According to the power interest mix (Refer appendix 2 Figure 2) there is a clear indication that this is a category with high interest and power. Without these key individuals or groups, such as joint ventures, with Speedo and strategic partners such as Nike, Makes Spencer, Victorias Secret and Gap MAS Holdings part of the business operations would not have its current success. When MS selected MAS for their green manufacturing plant project (As mentioned in appendix 2 page ii) it demonstrated their recognition as a global customer that MAS is an organization that is conscious of environmental and social sustainability. This recognition will results in better relationship with worlds leading brands that are under pressure to maintain sustainability and it will help to maximize the profit of the company by attracting new customers and through customer retention. Employees (High Interest + Low Power) The higher management at MAS Holdings has set its employee objectives which are called as KPIs (Key performance indicators). However the drivers of these main KPIs are the employees themselves. It is noticeable in the Mendelows matrix (Refer appendix 2 Figure 2) this category holds high interest and low power on decision making. This group includes the executives and the machine operators of the company. In MAS, 92% of the employees are women. Focusing the women in the company MAS has launched an empowering program which is called Women Go Beyond (Refer appendix 2 page v). The men, who are working at MAS, enjoy the same benefits as women. These activities result in company growth through employee attraction and retention. Thus recruiting process is easier and the annual labor turnover is much less. As mentioned in appendix 2 these activities also results in higher productivity of operations, which is a one of the main achievements of a manufacturing plant. Community ( Low Interest + Low Power ) As mentioned in the mendelows matrix this category has a low interest and a power, but the company point of view its important to have a close relationship with the communities MAS operators. Hence they need more man power for their operations and its a great advantage when having a close relationship with the community specially in recruiting people and also in retaining them which will be discussed future in the report. How MAS use relationship marketing and approach the community through its concept 3a). Relationship marketing Relationship marketing refers to all marketing activities directed towards establishing, developing and maintaining successful relational exchanges Morgan hunt 1994 It is important to understand the benefits of maintaining good relationships with the community groups. Not only in FMCG companies but also within business to business companies, manufacturing plants benefit by having close relationships with the community groups that are relevant to them through the practice of sustainability within these communities. Though it doesnt have a direct impact on the company with regards to profits, sustainability, helps to increase the company standards, reputation and profits in a way that is mutually beneficial to the community and the company. By developing such enduring relationships the company can gain trust within the community, build employee commitment and loyalty towards the company. These things give long lasting benefits to the company. MAS Holdings is a company that gets these positive results out of such community relationships. 3b). What MAS Holdings does to attract their community groups and reach their hearts When building a relationship it should be done from a combination of Trust, commitment and cooperation. Trust According to Morgan hunt trust is defined as confidence in an exchange partners reliability and integrity Trust can be seen as a long term investment for the business. It works as glue in building business relationships with all stakeholders. Building trust among the customers and suppliers of will allow the MAS business to gain the upper hand to improve business with the US and European countries. In the same way MAS holdings most important resource is labor. As mentioned before 92% of the employees are women. Sri Lankan women are very particular in selecting the working place. Considering the culture, tradition of Sri Lanka, its important for women to have a safe working environment in manufacturing plants which will enhance their trust and the trust of the community. For an instance when started first EPZ in Katunayake and the country is declared as a free trade area most of investors started garment factories in those areas. 90% of the works become women, most or 18 25 of age and they came from rural area of the country, lived in boarding houses near the factory. In this period most of the employees suffered from sexual harassment and assault. They also had long working hours even without prior notice. Breaking through these grey clouds MAS become one of the best employers in Sri Lanka by creating a safe working environment. In addition the Amalean brothers made sure that their work force worked in an air conditioned environment, had free meals, and were given transportation to and from the factory. Commitment This is one the most important element which strengthens relationship marketing. As per Morgan and hunt, commitment is an enduring desire to maintain a valued relationship (Morgan and Hunt 1994, 23) Commitment could be considered in different ways, 1.Commitment towards the organization by the employees, commitment towards the brand or the product also the commitment towards the community etc. In order to foster this commitment MAS Holdings, created incentives based on service period giving gold coins to employees that had completed 5 years of service, providing increments each year so that an employee knew that if they stayed one more year their salary would increase and giving bonuses based on performance which encouraged the employees to be committed to continuous improvement. Co-operation with community groups In order for a business to operate in a geographic location it is important that the people living there are ready to accept the presence of this business. As MAS Holdings has many plants in many locations it has found it useful to co-operate with various community groups in order to establish their presence. For example through the Shadeline factory in the remote area of Mahiyanganaya, various projects were undertaken. These included assistance in building houses funding for primary education and assistance in social welfare. Some of the community assistance was provided through the Buddhist temple in the area which provided access to large portions of the community. Further to that association with the local police and welfare societies provided inroads to the lives of the people. The Level of influence and impact applied by pressure groups on MAS Holdings 4a. Pressure groups Pressure groups are organizations that seek to influence government the public and private business or advance a cause. Often they advance a political or ideological goal. These groups can be placed in to two main categories. Sectional Pressure groups Causal Pressure groups 4b. Sectional Pressure groups Sectional pressure groups represent a section of society. The pressure cause by these groups is often directly beneficial to the members. Religious groups (High impact) -Often in the rural areas of Sri Lanka where several of the MAS Factories are situated the Buddhist temple in that area is the central meeting place and many decisions are made there. MAS as an organization is encouraged to follow the local customs and cultural habits. The Employers Federation (High impact) -is a legal organization that MAS is part of. Adhering to the guidelines set by this organization is beneficial for MAS Holdings goal of ethical hiring and employment 4c. Causal Pressure groups Causal Pressure groups are associated with a set of ideas rather than people. The agendas they pursue may not be directly beneficial to their members. As a member of certain key groups MAS must adhere to standards they set. Some of these are listed below: The Joint Apparel Association Forum (JAAF) (Low impact) is the leading umbrella organization concerning the apparel industry in Sri Lanka. Making Sri Lanka the number one ethical destination for garment manufacturing (the Garments without Guilt initiative) is one of its chief objectives. MAS Holdings is a special invitee to this Forum and is expected to conform to the directives set by this forum. Several sub organizations are part of the JAAF. FAAMA Fabric Apparel Accessory Manufacturers Association FTZMA Free Trade Zone Manufacturers Association NAEA Apparel Exporters Association SLAEA Sri Lanka Apparel Exporters Association SLCGE Sri Lanka Chamber of Garment Exporters SLGBOA Sri Lanka Garment Buying Offices Association Various SBUs of MAS Holdings are involved in many of these sub organizations as well. Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production (WRAP) (High impact) -MAS Holdings is a member of and must adhere to their standards as well. The Board of Investment of Sri Lanka (Low impact) As a member MAS must adhere to certain standards. While these organizations are quite influential in Sri Lanka, MAS has lead the way in Ethical and Responsible employment therefore it is MAS that often sets the standards for these organizations. New communities that MAS can expand their services fro the betterment of the society In the tradition of MAS to lead in the area of CSR in Sri Lanka and sometimes the world, this could be taken for further by analyzing new community groups will always give the opportunity to connect to the community. Its proven that MAS is one of the fast growing companies in the world. Its very important to have a good relationship with the local government, society that they operators since it need more man power and carry out their operations in the respective communities. MAS has been doing all community projects targeting the employees and society such as women go beyond and other CSR activities (Refer appendix 2, page v vi). It needs to look in to future prospect in terms of building a close relationship and the target audiences of the new community groups are, Skilled future generation for Srilanka Target Group -School leavers of MAS employees Providing educational opportunities to the community in areas of English language education and IT Lets learn the importance of environmental sustainability Target Group -Schools (Students) Achieving sustainability Practicing and teaching Environmental sustainability 4 a) Why MAS should choose these two community groups Since MAS is targeting on the community itself it gives greater results to the company and the country when considering future leaders, minds in the country. By providing education which is required in the current business world it helps the young generation to foundation their career paths. By creating a strong and stable generation, it will eventually strengthen the communities of Srilanka, starting from the area that, MAS manufacturing plants operators. This will also benefit the country. When looking company point of view this program will not directly impact, but this will increase imagine and the good will of MAS among the communities which will help the company in recruitments and also in retaining employees. As per the 2nd community group, by helping the schools and spreading the massage about the importance of environmental sustainability by teaching them from their small ages it will give a give impact in their personal lifes as well as the country, environment. Also as mentioned before by establishing the name of MAS in their hearts by doing a worthwhile project to their lifes and the community MAS always be company that is socially responsible. Hence most of the MAS customers are particular on the CRS projects that MAS does, these kinds of projects gives positive marks and will strength the relationship with the customers as one of the responsible suppliers in the world which will attract more customers around the world. 4b Skilled Future generation for Srilanka Providing educational opportunities to the community in areas of English language education and IT MAS competes in the global market and deals mainly with the US and Europe. In order to communicate with its customers the most relevant language is English. No business that is global can survive without information. MAS recognized this need early in the game and is dependent on Information Technology for all information needs both internal and external. While there have been government initiatives to foster the teaching of English and IT these have often failed due to a lack of funding or will power. Having a community that is fluent in English and adept in IT provides MAS with a greater pool of individuals to select from for employment. Before looking at the all the school leavers MAS could target on the family members of employees at MAS. The selection criteria of this could a relative of a employee at MAS, who is 18 -27 age and has completed G.C.E advance level 2 passes and unemployed. While providing primary education to these communities can be carried out by supporting the government initiatives, family members of employees can be chosen out of the community to provide scholarships for further education. In this way MAS can give back to those who support the business while building trust, commitment and sustainability in the community. 4c Lets learn the importance of Environmental sustainability Achieving sustainability Practicing and teaching Environmental sustainability MAS was the first company to recognize the need for Environmental sustainability as a key global concept and put this knowledge into action by creating the first green plant in Sri Lanka. In order to take this message to the community in general MAS will have to create awareness and provide education. Currently there is no provision in the Sri Lankan school curriculum to teach environmental sustainability. Target group could be taken as 15-18 year old students hence it is the best age group that can be thought the importance of environmental sustainability and make it their way of life. To communicate this massage to the selected audience would be schools which are located in the areas that MAS manufacturing plants. As this area of education is most relevant to the future generation it is important that this area of study be included in the Schools curriculum. It is possible that MAS can team up with experts in the field from the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) to get government approval and support to introduce this vital area of education. By conducting this program in schools, MAS is creating educated youth to the community and also who will be a example to the society and a person who carries a massage on how important sustainable development. These will also benefits MAS indirectly by establish a reputation among the community which the plant operates. Coordinated Communications mix for new community groups projects In order to have success in these two ventures it will be necessary to have a coordinated communication plan. The communications mix must target all the relevant stakeholders. As these are non-profit initiatives the communications mix must be adapted to suit the situation Internal stakeholders Management, Employees External stakeholders- Community, Government, Partners, Customers 5a. Internal stakeholders Management In order for both these initiatives to be successful the management must be aware of them and back them. As most of the decisions for funding will come from this group of individuals it is recommended that direct contact is made (personal selling) and the use of presentations would be advisable. An e-newsletter sent directly to their e-mail account and linked to a website with Links on Facebook and Twitter will provide them with any additional information they need and provide regular updates on the status of these projects. Management can also form a committee or working group to oversee and monitor the process of teaching and the progress of these initiatives. This group will report back to the management. Employees The employees too can receive the same newsletter and management can communicate the needs and progress to the employees at meetings. Making it possible for the employees to get involved in the teaching programs and funding is also recommended so that there is a greater employee ownership for these initiatives. 5b. External stakeholders Community By far the most effort and resources must go to making the community aware of these initiatives and the benefit thereof. While the employees in the community will take part of the message by word of mouth assuring that the correct communication is conveyed will require further effort on the part of MAS Holdings. At the inception of these initiatives the best option would be to start with a public relations campaign which includes press conferences, announcements at town meetings and branding. Having a Brand ambassador (such as one of the members of the Sri Lankan cricket team that work for MAS and are highly regarded by both urban and rural communities)would give a face to these initiatives. The most important part of these communities are the individuals that will receive the benefits of these programs. The teachers and students will receive their curriculum via an approved government syllabus. But programs and workshops can be organized (personal selling) to assure that quality information is available to theses two groups. Having exams to measure English and IT competency and contests to select the best idea for environmental friendliness with prizes awarded t best student or best idea will assure the students interest in these subjects (promotions). Government The shareholders of MAS have demonstrated their goodwill and capability they will not find it difficult to obtain government approval for these initiatives. Recently the government too took the stand that the way forward is through English education and IT. Furthermore if it is demonstrated to them that environmental sustainability is the way forward they too will join the process of becoming green direct selling is the most efficient method of communication here. Partners A great strength of MAS in carrying out a project is working together with partners who have the expertise. Involving The British Council for English education, Microsofts teaching services for fundamental IT education would provide a first step in these areas. For environmental sustainability United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the Consumer Citizenship Networks (CCN) and the Looking for Likely Alternatives (LOLA) toolkit provide information and know-how. Having joint ventures with the above organizations would be beneficial to MAS and will lean credibility to the efforts. Customers Many customers are interested in the CSR projects undertaken by MAS. In MAS communiquà ©s it is possible to include the websites and social networking sites so that the customers can access more information about these projects. Allowing the customers to get involved through sponsorship will afford them an opportunity to pass on to their customers or the end customer the knowledge that they are not only receiving guilt free environmentally friendly products but also [part of the purchase is going towards community building and the education of the less fortunate. The garments could carry labels such as produced in eco-friendly factories, or your purchase provides for the education of a child in Sri Lanka. Measuring the success of the communications mix for both new community relationships In order to measure the success of the communications mix the standard evaluation criteria must be adapted to reflect the non-profit nature of this venture. Quantitative Measures Managements and employees contribution both financially and through time allocation can be easily quantified. That can then be used as an indicator of the success of the marketing communications. In the long run the number of individuals that are retained by MAS that have attended these programs can be counted and both the success of the internal communication strategy and the success of the programs can be evaluated. Community awareness can be measured by the number of individuals attending the programs. Also the exams that are held for the individuals and the response to the contests will give an indication of the success of the community communication strategy. Using benchmarking tools that the partners have developed over the years it may be possible to measure the success of the communications that have been carried out. For Government, Partners and Customers the main indication of the success of the communication strategy will be their financial participation. Targets must be set for the anticipated contribution and measuring the success of achieving these targets will give a clear indication of the said success. Hits on the website can also be used to quantify interest and communication success. Qualitative Measures Feedback can be obtained from Management and Employees as to their perception of the programs through an e-mail survey. Feedback can also be obtained from the students to ascertain their perceptions and attitudes towards the program. Furthermore community inquiries regarding the program can be accumulated and categorized to measure and determine the success of the communications mix. Conversations with the partners and customers can indicate their observations and thoughts on the endeavor. All this information can be used to measure the success of the marketing mix. Recommendation Continue doing community projects more which will support to sustain the relationship with the community and will also visualize the organization as a good responsible citizen Internally set key performance indicators to measure the amount of CSR projects completed and the quality of the program and the no.of impacts in order to understand value of the programs and can forecast the type programs should given to the community Conduct programs for male members in the company while carrying out women go beyond for the female team members to all employees motivated Manage communication campaigns to the new community groups in a strategic way to attract them to the projects conducted and built trustworthiness among the company Prepare booklets, including CSR projects that has made a difference in the community and also use modern technology to spread the good will of MAS holdings and attract customers Always keep the employees informed on the CRS projects that are done by the company and make feel them that they work for a socially responsible organization Implement a system to collect feedback from all the participants of the CSR projects. Also for new ideas for new projects from employees as well as external groups Conclusion Its very important to maintain a mutually beneficial relationship all the stakeholders since each of them are directly or indirectly involve with the company. MAS has become one of the best multinational companies in terms of business also in community relationships they have maintained. By establishing a good reputation among the communities they operators, local government, customers also the pressure groups it has been easy to execute their business activities anywhere in the country and the world. References Appendix 1 Company Background It was in 1987 when the three brothers, Mahesh, Sherad and Ajay Amaleans took their first step to begin as a small entrepreneurial and to make it one of the largest south Asian intimate apparel manufacture and a competitive sportswear provider in the region. Now a company, with an annual turnover of USD 700 million. MAS Holdings which operates globally includes design studios, and 28 world class manufacturing plants. Thus giving career opportunities for over 45000 people to, excel through their talents and capabilities. MAS Holdings consists of four main divisions namely Intimates, Active, Fabrics, and Investment which are overseen by Corporate Solutions which centralizes the operation in all four strategic business units. Furthermore MAS Holdings has taken a step forward by launching its own lingerie brand Amante in fall 2007 and have made it their strategy to be the premium lingerie brand in Asian region. Vision and the Mission of Vision No.1 preferred partner of the world is leading brands of Intimates Sportswear with a turnover of USD 1Bn by 2010 Mission We provide the worlds leading brands of Intimates Sportswear with reliable innovative design to deliver solutions. Strategic partners and customer portfolio MAS has become one of the strategic vendor for some of the best brands in the world such as Victorias Secret, Nike and Marks Spencer also it services other global brands as Adidas, Reebok, Columbia, Lulu lemon, Banana Republic, Ann Taylor, Lane Bryant, Soma Intimates, GAP and Speedo and much more. Victorias Secret Stores and Nike selected MAS as Vendor Partner of the Year 2006. One of the key factors of MAS success is the ability to forge partnerships with the leaders if the industry such as The Limited Inc,  Triumph International, Speedo International, Stretchline UK, Noyon Dentelles, Prym Intimates Group, Dogi International, Textprint SA and Brandot International. Product range portfolio MAS products can be categorized as below. Competitors of and the market position As a large manufacturing company MAS has international and local competitors. Internationally competitors would be Ace which is a large intimate manufactures in Hong Kong, Clover, Luen Thai which operates in several countries and Tefrone the main competitor in the seamless market and Brandix apparel which is the local rival. Victoria secret positions MAS as their main preferred vendor and the company is regarded as one of the the top 10 intimate manufactures in the world. Analyzing all the information motioned above its clear that MAS holding is a successfully driven family owned company. The brothers decided to stick to their joint venture criteria of choosing partners who brought in technology expertise, marketing knowledge or access to certain markets. Background for Best Ethical practices MAS holdings as a history of ethical business practices that predate the concept of CSR. In addition, it ensures a healthy and safe work place, which regarded as a good business practice. However, the ethical approach to manufacturing is setting the organization apart from the competitive apparel sector. To support the vision of itself developed their own CSR strategy called MAS Go beyond, this program empower the organizations 92% of the female workforce also develop a sustainability-mined n youth, future employees and leaders of the organization. Source Company website, Researches on the web, Company Magazines

Rape and Intimate Partner Abuse In The Lesbian Community Essay

In every 45 seconds, someone is sexually violated in the United States. Out of every 6 women, one has experienced an attempted rape or complete rape. Lesbians and bisexual women remain at increased risk of sexual victimization compared to heterosexual women. In order for a woman to determine the direction of her life, she must first determine her sexuality. Sexuality is a deep, integral part of any human’s life. This should not be a subject of coercion or debate. The society must recognize that a woman has the right to freely pre-determine her sexuality without oppression and discrimination (Burn, 2004). Traditionally, women throughout history and culture have undertaken the role of independent, non-heterosexual, women-connected existence. Lesbianism according to ancient literature review has always existed. The practice has always been unacceptable and deviant. Lesbians are subjected to rape more often than other women. Worldwide, lesbians are subjected to verbal and physical abuse. In most cultures, lesbianism occurs prior to heterosexual marriages. These facts were gathered by Faderman in 1981. Female-female romantic relationships were found in European communities since the 17th century through the early 20th century after studying the fiction and poetry written during this period (Burn, 2004). Today, many societies view bisexuality and homosexuality as a sickness. The societies deny their existence entirely. However, biologists and psychologists believe that both are mere instances of many human variations. After successful lobbying by gay and lesbian political organizations in 1974, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) eliminated homosexuality from its list of mental disorder. The APA now takes the position that homos... ...(2010). External Barriers to Help-Seeking Encountered by Canadian Gay and Lesbian Victims of Intimate Partner Abuse: An Application of the Barriers Model. Violence and Victims, Vol. 25(4), 536-552. Pinto, S. (2012). Intimate Partner Violence: Sexual Abuse. CINHAL Nursing Guide. 1-2. Renzetti, C. M. (1996). The Poverty of Services for Battered Lesbians. Journal of gay and Lesbian Social Services, Vol. 4, pp 61-68. Tigert, L. M. (2001). The Power of Shame: Lesbian Battering as a Manifestation of Homophobia. Women & Therapy, Vol. 23, pp 73-85. Walters, M. L. (2011). Straighten up and Act Like a Lady: A Qualitative Study of Lesbian Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Service. Vol. 23, pp 250-270. West, C. M. (2002). Lesbian Intimate Partner Violence: Prevalence and Dynamics. Journal of Lesbian Studies, Vol. 6(1), pp 121-127.